UK government maintains plan to end boiling of live crustaceans

The UK government has reiterated its intention to end the practice of boiling live lobsters, crabs and other decapod crustaceans, as set out in its Animal Welfare Strategy for England.

The position is not the result of a new announcement or legislative change, but reflects existing government policy following the recognition of decapod crustaceans as sentient animals under the Animal Welfare (Sentience) Act.

In the strategy, published by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), the government stated that it intends to take action against practices that cause avoidable pain, distress or suffering, with the boiling of live crustaceans explicitly referenced as an example.

No immediate change to the law

While the strategy outlines the government’s policy direction, it does not introduce a ban or set a timetable for implementation. As of now, no legislation has been brought forward to prohibit the boiling of live crustaceans, and no guidance has been issued to hospitality or foodservice businesses on changes to practice.

Any future prohibition would require further legislative steps before becoming enforceable.

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The document read: "The Animal Welfare (Sentience) Act 2022 marked a pivotal milestone by formally recognising that decapod crustaceans such as crabs, lobsters, shrimps and prawns, and cephalopod molluscs such as squid and octopus are sentient beings capable of experiencing pain and suffering.

"While there is a growing body of evidence informing what welfare protections and standards are appropriate, gaps remain in our understanding. This is especially true in relation to our knowledge of how live animals move through supply chains – from catch to kill.

"Without this knowledge, it can be difficult to make sure these animals are properly protected at every stage and to prevent unnecessary pain or suffering.

"Improvements to the way in which decapod crustaceans and cephalopod molluscs are managed throughout the supply chain are needed.

"The fishing industry is already taking steps to improve protections. Improved insights into supply chain practices are also required so that further action can be taken if needed. This includes reviewing whether legislative amendments are required, as is standard practice."

Recognition of sentience

Decapod crustaceans, including lobsters, crabs, crayfish and prawns, were formally recognised as sentient following an independent review commissioned by Defra, which concluded there was strong scientific evidence that these animals are capable of experiencing pain.

The Animal Welfare Strategy stated that this recognition should be reflected in future policy development and regulatory frameworks.

Impact on the food sector

The strategy applies to England and covers animal welfare across farming, transport, slaughter and food production. Food businesses and hospitality operators are included within its scope, though no immediate operational changes are required at this stage.

The government said it would work with stakeholders as part of developing any future legislation or guidance.

Further details on timing and implementation are expected to be set out in due course.