that you worked in a restaurant where you used to slip Brazilian ingredients into the dishes; was that an important part in the process of building towards your cooking at D.O.M?
Yes, I was working in a restaurant where the ingredients were okay but I knew I could do better. I knew the recipes; I knew the ingredients in Italy and I knew it was impossible to do the same, but I knew that if I used this amazing Brazilian ingredient, it would be much better – this was the first step towards my cooking style.
Famously you use ants in your dishes and you’ve talked before about the importance of insects as food; do you think insects should be more widely used in restaurants?
In the eighties eating sushi in the west wasn’t good; the time hadn’t come for that yet but step by step it became popular. Insects are challenging for us; they put customers in front of a cultural barrier. However the American Food Department accepts that 86 parts per million of peanut butter is insects and it’s 74 parts per million in chocolate, so we are already eating insects.
It’s all about what our culture sees as acceptable. What is honey? It’s something that an insect vomits but we see that as acceptable.
If you think about the big picture and the global food situation, insects can be very helpful for feeding people. Nowadays there are lots of farms breeding insects to feed animals which will be food for us, so it’s already acceptable to use insects as a feed but not as a food. If we can reach the

point where insects become culturally acceptable as food I think they will be very helpful-
if they have a good flavour! The ants I use are very tasty but others don’t taste so good. Our commitment as chefs has to be to make good food, not trendy food.
Now you have ATÁ which is a very interesting project; can you expand on the ideas and goals behind it?
ATÁ is not a chefs’ institute; it’s not a gastronomic institute; it’s an inter-disciplinary institute. When you deal in the food chain from nature to table, you’re not just dealing with a one-dimensional line; you’re dealing with a food web because you start to affect people’s lives, culture and the environment.
Food is the link between nature and culture so through the food chain you can achieve beautiful things. But we, as chefs, aren’t trained for it, so this relationship with native people, through food, needs to be supported by other disciplines like anthropologists and sociologists. In this way we can achieve real benefits. For example, in Brazil at the moment there is one cow per hectare of grazing – it’s insane – ATÁ is working on a method of feeding the same number of cattle on half the amount of land, or twice the number of cattle on the same amount of land.
Do you think food and chefs can be at the forefront of the drive to create a more harmonious balance between, humanity, food and the environment?

I met Ferran Adriá about a month ago and he told me something that really blows my mind. He said: “Alex, Facebook is not the most powerful social media in the world, cuisine is.” Cuisine connects people. As a chef I can say that I’ve spent half my life inside kitchens. When I first started in a kitchen, nobody used computers; nowadays everybody does. In the last 15 years there has been a technological transformation in chefs’ lives. If, in the next 15 or 20 years, we teach young chefs to take care, not only of the quality of their ingredients but the way those ingredients have been produced, this would be a huge transformation and we can really be better chefs, not as performers but as citizens.
Are you optimistic about the future of Brazil and the Amazon region, and what do you see as chefs’ roles in helping to create a better future?
Chefs can be very helpful. Chefs can save the planet. I believe that if chefs do what I’ve been talking about, not only the Amazon will be better or Brazil or South America but the whole world. Food is a very powerful weapon.
Last September at the MAD food camp I made a demonstration where I killed a chicken on stage and a few people freaked out, saying it was cruel and horrible. My grandmother used to kill chickens. I have very good memories of those times. She used to save everything from the chicken, even the feathers . No waste. She honoured the chicken and its death.
Nowadays chefs have lost contact with the ingredients and we waste too much. What’s the best way not to waste? By using. We are all loin lovers but cattle are not just loins; we can make beautiful things with all the animal, even the nose, ears, tail – parts that nobody wants to eat.

We need to understand that behind all food there is death and we must honour death and honour the animal, then maybe we will stop wasting so much food.